\u81ea\u53bb\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u8bba\u6587\u548c Lasso \u90e8\u7f72\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5230\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5f00\u6e90\u7684 Jolt \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5728\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e Lasso+Jolt\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd lookup argument \u548c zkVM\uff09\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u7a33\u6b65\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u73b0\u663e\u793a\u4e86 Jolt \u7684\u5149\u660e\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9 SNARK \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u7edf\u667a\u6167\u53d1\u8d77\u6311\u6218\u3002\u81ea\u53d1\u5e03\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9646\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9 Rust \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u6765\u81ea 10 \u591a\u540d\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u4e86\u8fd1 50 \u4e2a pull \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u5f3a Jolt \u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u56de\u5e94\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u548c\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u6211\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u5728\u672c\u6587\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09sum-check \u534f\u8bae\u4e0e Binius \u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\uff082\uff09sum-check \u548c lookups \u5728 Jolt \u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\uff084\uff09\u4e0e zkVM \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001Sum-check \u534f\u8bae\u4e0e Binius \u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n Commitment schemes \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a SNARK \u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u8fd8\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u9879\u5f0f IOP\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u6027\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u7684 Binius \u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f oracle \u8bc1\u660e\uff08polynomial interactive oracle proof\uff0cPIOP\uff09\u914d\u5bf9\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u6240\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n Binius \u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528 sum-check \u534f\u8bae\u7684 PIOP \u9ad8\u5ea6\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff08sum-check \u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u6027\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u53d8\u91cf\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\uff1bFRI-Binius \u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 sum-check\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5fae\u5999\uff08sum-check PIOP \u5929\u7136\u5730\u8de8\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5f81\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528 Binius \u7684\u65b0\u6027\u80fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff09\u3002Binius \u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0e\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 PIOP \u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f88\u9057\u61be\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b PIOP \u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 sum-check\u3002<\/p>\n \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u7684 PIOP \u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u300c\u5e94\u7528 sum-check\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u800c\u5df2\u3002Binius \u4f7f\u7528 sum-check \u534f\u8bae\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u591a\u9879\u5f0f IOP\u3002Binius \u8bba\u6587\u7684\u7b2c 4 \u548c\u7b2c 5 \u90e8\u5206\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e sum-check \u7684 PIOP\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0e\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n Binius \u627f\u8bfa\u548c Jolt \u7684\u642d\u914d\u5c31\u50cf\u82b1\u751f\u9171\u548c\u679c\u9171\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Jolt \u662f\u76ee\u524d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e sum-check \u534f\u8bae\u7684 zkVM\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0cJolt \u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06 Binius \u627f\u8bfa\u7eb3\u5165 Jolt \u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n 2\u3001Sum-check\u3001lookups\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba9 Jolt \u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Jolt \u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09\u4e13\u95e8\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e sum-check \u7684\u591a\u9879\u5f0f IOP \u7684 zkVM\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Jolt \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 lookup \u5947\u70b9\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 lookups \u800c\u975e\u7ea6\u675f\uff08constraint\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7535\u8def\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff09\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u517c\u6709\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 zkVM \u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cJolt \u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e lookups\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e lookups \u548c sum-check \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n \u5355\u7eaf\u7684 lookup \u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u8def\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff09\u66f4\u597d\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u7535\u8def\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u66f4\u5dee\u3002\u4f46\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u7684 lookup \u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u6765\u8bf4\u53ea\u6709\u597d\u5904\u6ca1\u6709\u574f\u5904\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5904\u7406 256 \u4f4d\u5b57\u6bb5\u65f6\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0cJolt prover \u6295\u5165 20% \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u300c\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u300dlookup \u4e0a\uff0c40% \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ea6\u675f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u51cf\u5c11 lookups \u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n \u5927\u6982\u8bf4\u6765\uff0cJolt \u4f7f\u7528 lookups \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 CPU \u83b7\u53d6 – \u89e3\u7801 – \u6267\u884c\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u300c\u83b7\u53d6\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6267\u884c\u300d\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b lookups \u901f\u5ea6\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e prover \u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u8fd0\u884c\u4e86\u300c\u89e3\u7801\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n \u5355\u7eaf\u7684 lookup \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u66f4\u53ef\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u770b\u89c1\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u6570\uff08Jolt \u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u7ea6\u4e3a 2.5 \u4e07\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 RISC-V zkVM \u5c11 2 \u5230 4 \u500d\uff09\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0cJolt \u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u8981\u6bd4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u96be\u5f97\u591a\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u6211\u9884\u8ba1 zkVM prover \u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c06\u6bd4 2023 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5feb\u767e\u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u8c61 zkVM \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u6570\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11 10 \u500d\u3002<\/p>\n 3\u3001\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n \u516c\u5171\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u62e5\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u5feb\u901f zkVM \u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u5982 Binius\uff09\u70ed\u60c5\u6ee1\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u5173\u4e8e\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684 zkVM \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u5f00\u975e\u539f\u751f\u5b57\u6bb5\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u539f\u751f\u5b57\u6bb5\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u500d\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff08\u4e0e\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u8f7b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e SNARK \u7684\u6865\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cPlonk\/Groth16\/Nova\/Honk \u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Verkle \u6811\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n \u6211\u4e50\u89c2\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u5c06\u5173\u6ce8\u57fa\u4e8e sum-check \u7684 PIOP \u4e0e FRI-Binius \u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6267\u884c SNARK \u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u5feb\u901f SNARK \u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5b8c\u5168\u5f03\u7528\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\u4ece\u975e\u91cf\u5b50\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e4b\u540e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n \u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u57fa\u4e8e\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0e\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6 zkVM \u76f8\u7ade\u4e89\uff08\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u5b58\u5176\u4ed6 zkVM \u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u5173\u4e8e\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u975e\u539f\u751f\u5b57\u6bb5\u7b97\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684 Jolt\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf zkVM\uff0cJolt \u548c Binius \u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u5feb\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u5173\u4e8e\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u6216\u5c0f\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u5408\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684 Jolt\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 Jolt \u548c Binius \u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u5c06\u8bc1\u660e\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u94fe\u4e0a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684 SNARK \u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u7528\u4e8e\u538b\u7f29\u8bc1\u660e\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8005\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5927\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684 zkVM \u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684 zkVM \u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5728 BN254 \u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 zkVM \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n 4\u3001\u00a0\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c zkVM \u57fa\u51c6<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5173\u4e8e\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u53ca\u5176\u5728 zkVM \u548c\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u6211\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n \uff081\uff09\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff08EVM\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d7\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u5197\u957f\u7684 EVM \u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u5e8f\u5217\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684 gas \u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n \u300cEVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u300d\u548c\u300c\u521d\u59cb\u6307\u4ee4\u300d\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cKeccak \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a EVM \u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\uff0c\u800c SHA-2 \u5219\u662f EVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u51fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u7387\u548c gas \u6210\u672c\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u662f EVM \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0cEVM \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c EVM \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u8981\u6709\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5462\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u60ef\u4f8b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u7531\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c06\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u539f\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u914d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n \uff082\uff09zkVM \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u300d<\/p>\n \u5728 zkVM \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u662f\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982 Keccak \u6216 SHA \u54c8\u5e0c\uff09\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\u7684 SNARK\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u7684 SNARK \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u968f\u7740\u793e\u533a\u8f6c\u5411\u57fa\u4e8e sum-check \u7684 SNARK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n EVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668 zkVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u5728 Jolt \u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u524d\uff0czkVM \u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u521d\u59cb\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684 zkVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728 Jolt \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 lookups \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u521d\u59cb\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u901a\u8fc7\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u59cb\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0clookups \u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\uff09\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u5411 Binius \u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 RISC-V \u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u548c\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n 5\u3001zkVM \u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u6765\u8c08\u8c08\u6211\u5bf9\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e zkVM \u548c\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd RISC-V zkVM \u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9 RISC-V zkVM \u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u300czkVM\u300d\u4e00\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684 RISC-V zkVM \u4e0d\u518d\u662f RISC-V \u7684 zkVM\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e RISC-V \u7684\u65b0\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684 zkVM\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 zkVM \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u90fd\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31 zkVM \u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3b\u5f20\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8def\u90fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684 bug \u8868\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u73b0\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u3002<\/p>\n \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fd8\u5c06 zkEVM \u7684 EVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e zkVM \u7684\u9884\u7f16\u6982\u5ff5\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u867d\u7136 zkEVM \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982 Merkle \u54c8\u5e0c\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u2014\u2014\u786e\u5b9e\u6bd4\u521d\u59cb\u7684 RISC-V \u6307\u4ee4\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8 EVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u521d\u59cb EVM \u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002zkEVM \u5fc5\u987b\u652f\u6301 EVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u4e0e EVM \u5bf9\u7b49\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 EVM \u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684 zkEVM \u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u50cf Jolt \u8fd9\u6837\u7684 RISC-V zkVM\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u6269\u5c55 RISC-V \u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u300c\u516c\u5e73\u300d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5bf9 zkVM \u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e RISC-V zkVM \u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u6570\u96c6\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002Prover \u65f6\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e RISC-V CPU \u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6570\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cprover \u5728\u300c\u83b7\u53d6 – \u89e3\u7801 – \u6267\u884c\u300d\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u300c\u6267\u884c\u300d\u90e8\u5206\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 RISC-V \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\uff08\u5728 Jolt \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u79bb\u7ebf\u5185\u5b58\u68c0\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0cJolt \u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u5dee\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u9884\u8ba1\u5b83\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e sum-check \u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5c06\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210\u5230 Jolt \u4e2d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e13\u95e8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e sum-check \u7684 PIOP\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u627f\u8bfa\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5c06\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5dee\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0cJolt \u4f7f\u7528\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u8f6c\u5411 Binius \u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6301\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n 6\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u601d\u8003<\/strong><\/p>\n 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\u5de5\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6df7\u6dc6\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6301\u5bf9\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u300c\u7279\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u300c\u8363\u8a89\u300d\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u663e\u7136\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\u3002\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u5904\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u65e7\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u6bd4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5bf9\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n \u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6211\u9884\u8ba1\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u56e0\u7d20\u5c06\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u968f\u7740 SNARK \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0cSNARK \u83b7\u5f97\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5c06\u53d8\u5c11\u3002zkVM \u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5468\u671f\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5947\u8ff9\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e8e RISC-V \u5982\u6b64\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7ea6\u675f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u7684 R1CS\u3001AIR\u3001Plonkish \u7b49\u788e\u7247\u5316\u72b6\u6001\uff09\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7ea6\u675f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 SNARK \u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7ea6\u675f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u5468\u671f\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n 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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=608"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/608\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fubairui.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}